The aim of the article is to present the results of an analysis of access to firearms in Poland from legal, social, and criminological perspectives. The paper discusses historical and cultural determinants, the current legal regulations, social attitudes, and data on firearm-related crime. Confronting legal provisions with arguments present in the public debate, as well as with an analysis of statistical data, makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the current model of firearm regulation in Poland. The article presents three research hypotheses and their verification based on secondary data.