ORIGINAL PAPER
LENGTH OF SERVICE AS A DETERMINANT OF THE USE OF PHYSICAL FORCE DURING INTERVENTIONS WITH PEOPLE WITH NON-STANDARD BEHAVIOURS
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Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. J. Kukuczki w Katowicach
Wydział Zarządzania Sportem i Turystyką
Publication date: 2026-06-29
Człowiek. Systemy. Bezpieczeństwo 2026;2(1):86-102
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ABSTRACT
This article analyzes the impact of length of service on the tactics of using physical force by police
officers during interventions with individuals exhibiting non-standard behaviours resulting from mental disorders or intoxication. The primary objective of the research was to determine how professional
experience differentiates the choice of specific techniques and the attitudes of officers. The study was
conducted in 2025 using a diagnostic survey method on a sample of N=303 prevention police officers
from the Silesian garrison. The results confirmed that length of service is a crucial variable determining
the safety and professionalism of actions. Officers with the shortest service record (1–3 years) statistically
more frequently employ high-risk techniques, such as torso compressions or striking techniques. The
analysis revealed a process of evolution in professional attitudes: while the „warrior” archetype focused
on dominance prevails in groups with up to 9 years of service, the „guardian” archetype, characterized
by restraint and a tendency toward de-escalation, crystallizes after 10 years of service. Professional
experience facilitates better recognition of medical risks and a reduction in unnecessary violence. The
findings highlight the necessity of modifying training programs for novices to eliminate dangerous
tactical habits.