The article examines the transformation of comprehensive (public) security and civil protection under complex 21st-century threats, where the traditional boundaries between peace, crisis, and war are increasingly blurred and hostile influence operates simultaneously in physical and digital domains. It advances the thesis that the effectiveness of modern civil protection depends primarily on: (1) the integration of protection for critical infrastructure essential to state functionality, (2) state capacity to counter hybrid and cyber threats, and (3) a high level of societal resilience. The study adopts an analytical- problem approach based on the review of legal acts and strategic documents, complemented by case studies of: the Poland–Belarus border crisis (2021–2023), the “Ghostwriter” (UNC1151) hack-and-leak/ disinformation campaign, and incidents and sabotage targeting transport and energy infrastructure. Particular emphasis is placed on the Act of 5 December 2024 on Civil Protection and Civil Defence as a systemic response to sub-threshold pressure. The analysis indicates that effective adaptation requires coherent integration of crisis management, cybersecurity, crisis communication, and civil-military cooperation, alongside the practical implementation of new planning, organizational, and training instruments. Overall, the article argues that strengthening state and societal resilience is indispensable for civil protection in an era of hybrid conflict spanning real and virtual battlefields.